Set on the sacred banks of the River Ganges in Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world—and perhaps the most spiritually charged destination in India. For Hindus, it is the city of Shiva, a place where the cycle of life and death is both celebrated and transcended.
Why Varanasi Matters
With a history stretching back over 3,000 years, Varanasi (also known as Kashi or Benares) has been a centre of learning, devotion, and pilgrimage since ancient times. For Hindus, dying here and being cremated along the Ganges is believed to release the soul from the cycle of rebirth. For visitors, it offers a rare and vivid window into India’s spiritual and cultural identity.
The Layout: Chaos and Ceremony
The city is a tangle of narrow alleys, ancient temples, and riverfront ghats—stone steps that lead down to the Ganges. Most visitors stay near the main ghat area around Dashashwamedh Ghat, the hub of evening aarti ceremonies, where flames, chants, and bells transform the river into a theatre of devotion. South of this, the quieter Assi Ghat is popular with long-stayers and yoga enthusiasts, while Manikarnika Ghat is the most significant cremation site.
Despite its energy, Varanasi has a timeless quality. Sunrise boat rides along the river are deeply atmospheric, and the rituals unfolding along the ghats—bathing, puja, laundry, funerals—offer a profound glimpse into the rhythms of daily life and death.
When to Go
The best time to visit Varanasi is from October to March, when temperatures are cooler and the weather most pleasant. The Dev Deepawali festival takes place on the full moon in November or December. Also known as Diwali of the Gods or the Festival of Light, the ghats are illuminated with thousands of oil lamps, and Varanasi is particularly magical.
Avoid May and June when the heat is extreme, and be mindful of the monsoon season (July–September), when heavy rains can flood the riverbanks.
What to See and Do
- Sunrise boat ride on the Ganges – Unmissable. It’s the best way to see the ghats and rituals unfold with the dawn.
- Evening Ganga Aarti – Held nightly at Dashashwamedh Ghat; arrive early for the best view. This ceremonial worship of the Ganges involves priests offering fire via multi-tiered oil lamps, accompanied by rhythmic chants and ringing bells.
- Kashi Vishwanath Temple – Also known as the Golden Temple, this is one of the holiest sites dedicated to Lord Shiva (note: security is tight, and non-Hindus may not be permitted inside).
- Manikarnika Ghat – Offers a powerful and respectful glimpse into Hindu funerary practices.
- Sarnath – Just 10 km away, this peaceful site is where the Buddha gave his first sermon.
- Ramnagar Fort – Across the river, this 18th-century fort and museum offers quieter views and a slice of regal history.
- Silk workshops and markets – Varanasi is famed for its handwoven silk saris and brocades.
What to Combine It With
Varanasi combines well with:
- Khajuraho – Explore its UNESCO-listed erotic temples and rural charm.
- Lucknow – South of Varanasi; known for Indo-Islamic architecture and Mughal cuisine.
- The Golden Triangle – Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur are easily reached by train or flight.
- Tigers and Temples – Combine spiritual Varanasi with a wildlife experience in Bandhavgarh or Kanha National Parks in Central India.
Explore Varanasi with Purpose
A visit to Varanasi can be overwhelming, but it is also unforgettable. At Explorers Against Extinction, we encourage responsible travel that supports cultural heritage and local livelihoods. You can find out more and book your India journey through our India travel page.
Image: Martij Vonk
